Senin, 02 Maret 2009

Fly Honeysuckle

By Victoria Katelyn

The perfoliate honeysuckle is a stem-twining, climbing shrub growing to a height of several metres. The light brown bark on the stem peels off in long, longitudinal strips. The twigs are slender and hollow, the buds opposite, ovate, with pointed tips. The long flowers appear at the end of May and emit a strong fragrance, especially in the evening. The red fruits ripen from August onwards and are soon dispersed by birds. Widespread mostly in southern Europe, it extends north to southern Germany and the warmer regions of Czechoslovakia, growing there at the edges of forests, in thickets and in open broadleaved woods.

This shrub is widespread throughout most of Europe, its range extending far east to Siberia. In central and western Europe it grows on the edges and in the shrub layer of woods, on scrub-covered banks and in hedgerows. It likes fresh, rich soil and tolerates fairly heavy shade.

It is most plentiful in hilly country but also grows in the mountains up to elevations of 1000 m. It is frequently planted in parks and gardens as a hedge plant because it stands up well to clipping and is covered with foliage early in spring. More commonly planted in parks, however, is the taller species L. tatarica of Siberia, with pink flowers and bright red berries.

The black honeysuckle is a sparsely branched. shrub of upright habit, growing to 1-2 m in height. The shoots are slender, often curved, the buds opposite, with pointed tips, standing out from the twig at an angle. The flowers appear in May and June. The black berries ripen in August; they are inedible and cause vomiting when eaten. Propagation is by means of seeds as well as by summer and winter cuttings.

Beneath the buds is a clearly discernible leaf scar. The attractive, fragrant flowers appear in June and July, the fruits ripen in September and October. This shrub is widespread in southern and western Europe, its range extending as far as northern Africa and Asia Minor. In western Europe it is most plentiful on fertile soils in riverine woods, also occurring on shrub-covered banks and at the edges of forests.

It bears a great profusion of flowers if provided with abundant light, but tolerates partial shade. It requires warmth and the shoots are easily damaged by frost. It is widely cultivated as a vigorous, ornamental climber in parks and gardens, where it is used to cover fences, walls and pergolas. Propagation is by means of seeds and cuttings. The variety serotina has dark red flowers.

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