It is also important to know which shrubs do well in dry locations and which require greater moisture. The first group of barberry, golden rain, bladder senna, box thorn and Japan rose, the second willows the shrub height, the alder buckthorn, red dogwood, French tamarisk and other shrubs.
A second general rule is that the better the other conditions of a given site the less will be the plant's need of light. That means that in poorer climates or where soil is less fertile the need of light is greater providing there is adequate moisture. This is illustrated by the fact that woody plants tolerating moderate shade under optimal ecological conditions become light-loving plants in the northern, areas of their distribution.
Tender young seedlings require great care during the first two years, and plants from such seedlings may also grow slowly during this initial period, so it is some time before they can be transplanted to their permanent site. However, seedlings usually have good root anchorage and attain a greater age than alternatively propagated plants.
The evergreen shrubs of this group should never be exposed to full sunlight because they are easily damaged during the sunny frosty days at the close of winter. On such days the temperature drops to minus 15C at night and on a clear sunny day it may rise above 10C on that side of the shrub that is turned towards the south and the leaves then begin to transpire.
However, they are unable to obtain water from the frozen soil to replace that which has evaporated and the result is that later in spring they turn brown and dry up. For that reason shade-loving evergreen shrubs should never be planted in places fully exposed to sunlight from the south.
Besides these groups there is still another that tolerates either shading from the side or moderate shade from above. It includes the hazel, green alder, traveller's joy, spindle tree, wayfaring tree, water elder and bladdernut.
A second general rule is that the better the other conditions of a given site the less will be the plant's need of light. That means that in poorer climates or where soil is less fertile the need of light is greater providing there is adequate moisture. This is illustrated by the fact that woody plants tolerating moderate shade under optimal ecological conditions become light-loving plants in the northern, areas of their distribution.
Tender young seedlings require great care during the first two years, and plants from such seedlings may also grow slowly during this initial period, so it is some time before they can be transplanted to their permanent site. However, seedlings usually have good root anchorage and attain a greater age than alternatively propagated plants.
The evergreen shrubs of this group should never be exposed to full sunlight because they are easily damaged during the sunny frosty days at the close of winter. On such days the temperature drops to minus 15C at night and on a clear sunny day it may rise above 10C on that side of the shrub that is turned towards the south and the leaves then begin to transpire.
However, they are unable to obtain water from the frozen soil to replace that which has evaporated and the result is that later in spring they turn brown and dry up. For that reason shade-loving evergreen shrubs should never be planted in places fully exposed to sunlight from the south.
Besides these groups there is still another that tolerates either shading from the side or moderate shade from above. It includes the hazel, green alder, traveller's joy, spindle tree, wayfaring tree, water elder and bladdernut.
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In garden planning, round boulders and flat slabs must be skilfully balanced together to build a dry stone wall in the garden.
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